Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Lakshmi ¹, K. Diwakar ¹, K. Rajan ²

Affiliations
1 Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai-62, IN
2 Vel Tech Engineering College, Chennai-62, IN

Abstract

The high voltage DC available in the telecommunication systems has to be converted into low voltage DC for battery charging etc. This paper deals with simulation and implementation of two switch Interleaved Forward Converter for such application. The DC input is converted into high frequency AC using the Forward Converter. The secondary AC is rectified using a half-wave rectifier. Experimental results obtained from the hardware prototype confirm the theoretical analysis and the performance of the proposed converter. The experimental results are compared with those of the simulation.

Keywords

DC-DC Converter, Interleaved Forward Converter, Matlab, Microcontroller

Full Text

   

R. Venkadesh ¹, K. Rajan ², R. Balaji ³

Affiliations
1 Vel Tech (Owned by RS trust), Chennai- 62, IN
2 Vel Tech (Owned by RS trust), Chennai-62, IN
3 Velammal Engineering College- Tifaccore Department, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The Higher-Level and Lower-Level Proxy servers is an effective solution to reduce Web traffic and integrated wireless network architecture using Proxy servers to support mobility management. The technique takes advantage of the existing functionalities of proxy servers to provide mobility support for applications such as Web browsing, HTTP and FTP, without modifying the IP protocol stack of the mobile host. The architecture uses proxy servers to force all packets originating from mobile hosts to a close-by mobility-aware router so that the latter can maintain active data connections during handoffs across different networks. By deploying multiple proxy and mobility-aware router pairs and by assigning mobile hosts to proxy servers dynamically, the proposed architecture provides efficient mobility management functionalities, and is inherently scalable. This paper describes performance and building simulation models for evaluating mobility of proxy servers. The basic idea of the proposed method is the system takes advantage of the existing proxy supports in network applications to maintain network connection during a handoff and to reduce Web traffic than existing scheme.

Keywords

Destination Server, Higher-Level Proxy Server, Lower-Level Proxy Server, Mobile Aware Router, Mobile Host.

Full Text

     

K. Rajan ¹, R. Venkadesh ², Anitha Flozia Rajan ³, Harry Prince Rajan ⁴, I. Mahesh ⁵

Affiliations
1 Vel Tech, Chennai-600062, IN
2 Department of ECE, Vel Tech DR. RR & DR. SR Technical University, Chennai-600062, IN
3 TVH Energy Resource (P) Ltd, Chennai, IN
4 Department of EEE, Chennai-600055, IN
5 Department of EEE, Vel Tech, Chennai-600062, IN

Abstract

As the demand for electrical energy is increasing at a very rapid pace, it is difficult to cope with this increasing demand. This paper describes the working function of single phase AC voltage regulator in energy efficient high frequency power system. AC voltage controllers control the output voltage from a fixed voltage AC source without changing the frequency. In solid state control, there are two types of AC voltage regulators, first is on-off or integral – cycle control AC voltage regulator, and second is phase control switching AC voltage regulator. This paper explains the second type, the voltage magnitude is controlled using AC phased controlled switching. The high power semiconductors such as 3.3 kV, 4,5 kV, and 6.5 kV insulated gate bipolar transistors and 4.5 kV, 5.5 kV insulated gate commutated thyristors are used in converter design ranging from kilowatt to to 10 MVA which are becoming price competitive in the market. The paper also describes the working function, wave form description and application of the AC voltage regulator in the high frequency power system. The high frequency AC voltage regulators are compact, light in weight, and cheaper in comparison to the conventional methods of using autotransformer or tap changing transformers. The circuit is simulated using MATLAB simulink and the output is verified.

Keywords

AC Voltage Controller, High Frequency Power Supply, Pushes Pull Parallel Resonant Inverter, Thyristors, Matlab Simulink Simulation.

Full Text

     

D. Dinesh ¹, K. Rajan ¹, V. Kasthuri Thilagam ¹, O. P. S. Khola ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of soil and Water conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important plantation crop. India has 5,63,980 ha land under tea of which 1,05,685 ha is in Southern India. In India states like Assam (53%), West Bengal (23.9%), Tamil Nadu (11.3%) and Kerala (8.44%) are contributing for major tea production. It is also grown in a small scale in Tripura, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Bihar, Manipur, Orissa, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. Tea industry in India is more than 150 years old generating the revenue of more than Rs 6,000 crore per annum. The production of tea in India has increased from 250 million kg in 1947 to 1208 million kg in 2013 with 40 per cent increase in area. Optimum application of nutrients in right time ensures optimum tea yield.

Full Text

     

K. Rajan ¹, A. Natarajan ², V. Kasthuri Thilagam ¹, K. S. Anil Kumar ², D. Dinesh ¹, N. M. Alam ³, O. P. S. Khola ¹, R. C. Gowda ⁴

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam 643 004, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 195, IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru 560 065, IN

Abstract

Effect of sodicity on clay dispersion in salt-affected black soils of the Kabini canal command area in Chamrajnagar district, southern Karnataka was studied. Forty-eight soil samples were collected from nine soil profiles and analysed for physical and chemical properties. The clay dispersion ranged from 0.57% to 62.1%. High positive and negative correlations with exchangeable sodium and exchangeable calcium respectively, with clay dispersion were recorded, which can be predicted better with exchangeable sodium and available soil water. Based on clay dispersion value, 2%, 27% and 71% soils are dispersive, intermediate dispersive and non-dispersive respectively. Based on exchangeable sodium percentage, 50, 21 and 29 soils are dispersive, intermediate dispersive and nondispersive respectively. Application of gypsum and organics reduces the clay dispersion in surface soil. Sub-surface drainage will be more effective. Construction of soil and water conservation structures with pile foundation; providing cement lining for soil stabilization in normal construction; providing drainage lines for the structures; construction after refilling with non-dispersive soil will save the structures in salt-affected soils.

Keywords

Clay Dispersion, Sodicity, Sub-Surface Effect, Surface Effect.

Full Text

   

D. Dinesh ¹, K. Rajan ², M. Shankar ³, K. Manikandan ⁴, V. Kasthuri Thilagam ², P. Kannan ⁵

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad (Gujarat), IN
2 ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam (T.N.), IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agriculture College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai (T.N.), IN
5 Dryland Agriculture Research Station, TNAU, Chettinad (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Meeting the food grain demand of ever growing global population is the big challenge to agriculture sector. Plant disease significantly reduces the production of food crops besides affecting the quality adversely. Losses associated with plant diseases in yield reduction ranging from slight to catastrophic depending upon varying factors. Literature review highlighted that an average yield loss of 42% from the six most important food crops. It is vital to manage plant diseases to avoid the yield loss, which helps to meet the food grain demand in simple means. In other way, disease management is helping us to meet the food grain demand of increasing population under shrinkage of cultivable area.

Full Text

     

D. Dinesh ¹, K. Kannan ², K. Rajan ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad, Anand (Gujarat), IN
2 ICAR - Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Buckwheat is a fast growing short-duration cover crop. It establishes, blooms and ready for incorporation within 35 to 40 days after sowing and its residue decomposes quickly. As a grain, it reaches maturity in just 70 to 90 days. Buckwheat suppresses weeds and attracts beneficial insects and pollinators with its abundant blossoms. It is easy to kill and reportedly mobilizes soil phosphorus from soil better than other cover crops. Buckwheat thrives well in cool and moist conditions but it is not frost tolerant. Buckwheat is not a drought tolerant crop and readily wilts under hot and dry conditions.

Full Text

     

K. Rajan ¹, P. Raja ¹, D. Dinesh ², Sanjeev Kumar ³, B. P. Bhatt ³, U. Surendran ⁴, Deo Karan ⁵, B. P. Bhaskar ⁶

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Udhagamandalam 643 004, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Vasad 388 306, IN
3 ICAR Research Complex for the Eastern Region, PO: Bihar Veterinary College, Patna 800 013, IN
4 Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Calicut 673 571, IN
5 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Buxar 802 103, IN
6 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Abstract

Soil potential to store organic carbon was assessed in the hot sub-humid dry Agro-Ecological Region (AER) of the Indo-Gangetic Plains under Recent alluvium of southern Bihar, India. The study was carried out in four prevailing cropping systems, viz. Rice–Wheat– Fallow (R–W–F), Pearl millet–Wheat–Fallow (P–W– F), pigeon pea (monoculture) and vegetable cultivation. Two different recovery factors were used to estimate Total Organic Carbon (TOC), which yielded similar results. The Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) was found highest in pigeon pea-grown soils (69.2 tonnes ha^–1) followed by R–W–F (56.2 tonnes ha^–1) and vegetable cultivation (55.8 tonnes ha^–1). The lowest SOC stock was found with P–W–F (19.2 tonnes ha^–1). The differences in SOC stock between pigeon pea and that of rice–wheat, vegetables and pearl millet–wheat are 13.0, 13.4 and 50.0 t ha^–1 respectively, that are the quantity of organic carbon can be sequestered further in these three land uses from 47.71, 49.12 and 183.50 tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere respectively. Highly significant positive correlation of soil qualities parameters such as available nitrogen (r² = 0.25), copper (r² = 0.45), zinc (r² = 0.31) and dehydrogenase activity (r² = 0.44) was found with SOC stock under the hot, sub-humid, dry, AER of southern Bihar. Similar assessment can be done in any AER and the potential of soils can be identified to increase carbon sequestration from the atmosphere.

Keywords

Agro-Ecological Region, Cropping Systems, Organic Carbon Stock, Recent Alluvium, Soil Quality.

Full Text